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Pest management with biopesticides

James N. SEIBER, Joel COATS, Stephen O. DUKE, Aaron D. GROSS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 295-300 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018238

摘要：

Biopesticides are attracting interest as alternatives to conventional pesticides but without many of the non-target effects, promising a better record of safety and sustainability in pest control practices. In this article we summarize and discuss the current status and future promise of biopesticides, including how biopesticides use may increase the quality and safety of the food supply.

关键词： biopesticide GMO crops pest management

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Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and economic viability of sugar crops in China

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023529

摘要：

● Sugarcane and sugar beet yield and carbon footprint rose with time but profit declined

关键词： Economic profits GHG emissions labor input nitrogen input sugar

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GLOBAL GENOMIC PREDICTION IN HORTICULTURAL CROPS: PROMISES, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND OUTLOOK

Craig HARDNER, Satish KUMAR, Dorrie MAIN, Cameron PEACE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》页码 353-355 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021387

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GLOBAL GENOMIC PREDICTION IN HORTICULTURAL CROPS: PROMISES, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND OUTLOOK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第2期

摘要：

Horticultural crops are a major source of high value nutritious food, and new improved cultivars developed through breeding are required for sustainable production in the face of abiotic and biotic stresses, and to deliver novel, premium products to consumers. However, grower confidence in the performance of new germplasm, particularly across environmental variability, is important for commercial adoption and germplasm-environment matching to optimize production.

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Comments on the special issue on tropical crops of

Luiz J C B CARVALHO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 375-376 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016129

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Cadmium pollution from phosphate fertilizers in arable soils and crops: an overview

null

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 419-430 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019273

摘要：

The application of mineral and organic phosphorus fertilizers to arable land has greatly increased crop yield to meet the world food demand. On the other hand, impurities in these fertilizers, such as heavy metals, are being added to agricultural soils, resulting both from the raw materials themselves and the processes used to obtain the final product. Cadmium, a non-essential and toxic heavy metal, has been found in relatively high amounts in common P fertilizers obtained from sediments. This metal poses a high risk for soil fertility, crop cultivation, and plants in general. Furthermore, human health might be compromised by the cadmium concentrations in agricultural and livestock products, due to the bioaccumulation effect in the food web. The accumulation in the different matrixes is the result of the high mobility and flexible availability of this harmful metal. This review summarizes risks to human health, the factors influencing cadmium movement in soils and crop uptake, as well as common plant responses to its toxicity. In addition, it summarizes cadmium balances in soils, trends, long-term experiments, and further studies. Cadmium inputs and outputs in arable soil, together with their calculated concentrations, are compared between two different regions: the European countries (in particular Germany) and China. The comparison appears useful because of the different proportions in the inputs and outputs of cadmium, and the diverse geographical, environmental and social factors. Moreover, these variables and their influences on cadmium contamination improve the understanding of the pollution from phosphate fertilizers and will help to establish future mitigation policies.

关键词： soil pollution arable land crop production cadmium balance P fertilizer cadmium toxicity

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Genome-edited crops: how to move them from laboratory to market

Kunling CHEN, Caixia GAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 181-187 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020332

摘要：

Recent breakthroughs in CRISPR technology allow specific genome manipulation of almost all crops and have initiated a revolution in precision crop breeding. Rationally-based regulation and widespread public acceptance are needed to propel genome-edited crops from laboratory to market and to translate this innovative technology into agricultural productivity.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas genome editing base editing precision breeding regulation

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Regulatory issues for genetically modified animals

Perry Bradbury HACKETT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 188-203 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019307

摘要：

Precision genetics and breeding have the potential to meet the agricultural needs and goals of the world in the 21st century. These needs include increasing the efficiency of production of animals and improving their products with minimal impact on the environment. The USA is the major innovator in genomic science and the acknowledged leader in formulating policies to regulate genetic applications in medicine and agriculture. However, governments worldwide have been exceedingly reluctant to support the introduction of genetically modified (GM) animals into agriculture. Regulatory policies have stagnated due to legal guidelines that could not anticipate the needs and solutions that are evident today. This must change if we are to maintain planetary integrity. I propose a new, market-based regulatory model for GM livestock that has both a strong scientific foundation and has worked for 10000 years. The model is similar to that for information technology in which specific algorithms drive computer and cell phone applications. Genome engineers write genetic algorithms that drive the traits in biological organisms. Accordingly, GM products should be viewed in terms of their use and public benefit rather than by limitations to the genetic programing coming from a few highly vocal groups. Genetic algorithms (Genapps) of the 21st century will include not only introduction of synthetic genes, but also complete natural and synthetic biochemical pathways to produce agricultural products that are maximally efficient, healthy to humans and animals, and sustainable in an era of changing climates while avoiding environmental degradation.

关键词： algorithms editing FDA GMO recombinant DNA USDA

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关于生物工程产业

石元春

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第7期页码 34-38

摘要：

文章论述了生物工程技术的重大意义、主要内容和产业化的前景。介绍了当前国际上基因改良食品风波的产生背景和最新动向，并就此发表了作者的见解。对我国在发展生物工程产业上应取的态度和对策提出了看法和建议。

关键词：生物工程产业基因改良对策

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Achieving food security and high production of bioenergy crops through intercropping with efficient resource

Yuanmei ZUO,Zhenjiao ZHANG,Caihong LIU,Weina ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 134-143 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015069

摘要： With high rates of food and nonrenewable fossil fuel consumption worldwide, we are facing great challenges in ensuring food and energy security to satisfy the world population. Intercropping, as an important and sustainable cropping practice in agroecosystems, has been widely practiced around the world. Many studies have shown that some plants can deliver high yields when intercropped with other plants. Here, we review the biological mechanisms in improving resource utilization efficiency and illustrate the practical application of intercropping in ensuring food and energy security through improving production. Identifying suitable energy plants for marginal land, land not suitable for food crops growth, is an effective strategy to acquire high production of bioenergy, thus removing competition between the use of land for food and energy. The effective application of intercropping provides a potential pathway for production of food crops and energy plants by improving resource use efficiency and resistance to environmental stress.

关键词： intercropping food security energy security high production marginal land

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粮食作物产业的可持续发展战略研究

刘旭,王济民,王秀东,宋莉莉,闫琰

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第1期页码 22-33 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.004

摘要：

粮食安全事关兴国安邦，是经济社会平稳发展的重要保障。本研究以可持续发展、确保国家粮食安全为目标，结合我国粮食产业发展现状，针对我国粮食安全面临的问题、发展趋势以及机遇和挑战，提出了我国未来粮食安全的战略目标、战略构想以及重大保障措施和政策建议。

关键词：粮食作物可持续发展战略构想

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Recent advances in fruit crop genomics

Qiang XU,Chaoyang LIU,Manosh Kumar BISWAS,Zhiyong PAN,Xiuxin DENG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 21-27 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014002

摘要： In recent years, dramatic progress has been made in the genomics of fruit crops. The publication of a dozen fruit crop genomes represents a milestone for both functional genomics and breeding programs in fruit crops. Rapid advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have revolutionized the manner and scale of genomics in fruit crops. Research on fruit crops is encompassing a wide range of biological questions which are unique and cannot be addressed in a model plant such as . This review summarizes recent achievements of research on the genome, transcriptome, proteome, miRNAs and epigenome of fruit crops.

关键词： fruit crops fruit biology gene function genomics

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油料作物——生物柴油的潜在资源

闫振辉, 李国卫, 万书波

《工程（英文）》 2023年第29卷第10期页码 39-41 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.011

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Developments in genetic modification of cattle and implications for regulation, safety and traceability

Jan Pieter VAN DER BERG, Gijs A. KLETER, Evy BATTAGLIA, Martien A. M. GROENEN, Esther J. KOK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 136-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019306

摘要：

Genetic modification techniques, in particular novel gene editing technologies, hold the yet unfulfilled promise of altering genetic traits in farm animals more efficiently than by crossbreeding, allowing for a more rapid development of new cattle breeds with distinct traits. Gene editing technologies allow for the directed alteration of specific traits and thereby have the potential to enhance, for instance, disease resilience, production yield and the production of desired substances in milk. The potential implications of these technological advancements, which are often combined with animal cloning methods, are discussed both for animal health and for consumer safety, also with consideration of available methods for the detection and identification of the related products in the food supply chain. Finally, an overview is provided of current regulatory approaches in the European Union (EU) and major countries exporting beef to the EU, for products from animals bred through established practices as well as modern biotechnologies.

关键词： cattle food safety gene editing genetic modification GMO detection regulation